The remainder of the chemical composition is primarily iron.īecause of the high percentage of chromium contained in 304 grade stainless steel, 304 can withstand corrosion from most oxidizing acids. It contains between 16 and 24% chromium and up to 35% nickel, as well as small amounts of carbon, silicon, and manganese. While austenitic steels are more expensive than ferritic stainless steels, they are generally more durable and corrosion resistant.ģ04 stainless steel is the most common form of stainless steel used around the world, largely due to its excellent corrosion resistance and value. Molybdenum can also be added to a level of about 2% for grade 316 to improve corrosion resistance.Īustenitic steels are non-magnetic in the annealed condition, although they can become slightly magnetic when cold worked (the process of strengthening a metal by changing its shape without the use of heat). They have good formability and weldability, as well as excellent toughness, particularly at low or cryogenic temperatures.Īustenitic grades also have a low yield stress and relatively high tensile strength. Also known as 18/8 stainless steel.Įight percent is the minimum amount of nickel that can be added to a stainless steel containing 18% chromium in order to completely convert all the iron alloy to austenite. The most common grade is 304, which consists of 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Nickel-based austenitic steels are classified as 300 series. They are known for their formability and resistance to corrosion. There are three types of stainless steel:Īustenitic are the most common types of stainless steels.Īustenitic steels are non-magnetic stainless steels that contain high levels of chromium, nickel and low levels of carbon. The selection of a particular “type” and “grade” of stainless steel must meet the corrosion resistance requirements. assists in de-oxidation during the manufacturing process.replaces some of the nickel in the 200 series stainless steels.added to stainless steels containing molybdenum.higher levels in martensitic provide strength and hardness.levels are low in all types of stainless steel except martensitic.improves corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid.added to austenitic stainless steel containing molybdenum.used to stabilize stainless steel in the manufacturing process.adds resistance to pitting of stainless steel due to chlorides.the essential element in the 300 series of stainless steel.the higher the percentage, the higher increase in corrosion resistance.The main requirement for stainless steels is that they should be corrosion resistant for a specified application or environment.Īlloying elements are added to enhance their structure and properties such as formability, strength, and toughness. The key element that classifies steel as stainless is that the iron alloy (mix of several metals) is comprised from a minimum of 10.5% chromium.
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